Introduction

All-cause mortality is a fundamental measure of the health status of a population. It represents the cumulative effect of the prevalence of risk factors, the prevalence and severity of disease, and the effectiveness of interventions and treatment. Differences in levels of all-cause mortality reflect health inequalities between different population groups, e.g. between genders, social classes and ethnic groups [1].

All data reported below is represented as a directly standardised rate per 100,000. This is to enable effective comparisons across groups.

Data Overview

All cause mortality, all age

Oldham's all cause, all age mortality rate is higher than both the regional and national averages. Oldham's latest rate of 1,245 per 100,000 is 9.6% higher than the North West average of 1,136 per 100,000 and 22.9% higher than the England average of 1,013 per 100,000. Whilst all areas have seen a decrease in rate over the last two decades, Oldham's decline has been lower (-12.8%) compared to regional (-16.1%) and national (-17.4%) averages. Following steady decline, all areas have seen an increase in the all cause, all age mortality rate since 2018-20, likely due to the increased numbers of deaths attributable to Covid-19. Oldham's rate is 5th highest across Greater Manchester and ranks centrally when compared to NHS England nearest neighbours for the latest data (2020-22).

Figure 1: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, persons, trend
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 2: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, persons across Greater Manchester
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 3: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, persons across NHS England nearest neighbours
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Oldham's all cause, all age mortality rate for males only is higher than both the regional and national averages. Oldham's latest rate of 1,444 per 100,000 is 8.2% higher than the North West average of 1,335 per 100,000 and 20.7% higher than the England average of 1,196 per 100,000. All areas have seen a decline in rates over the last decade, the decrease is similar across Oldham and the North West but higher across England. Following steady decline and reflecting the rate for all persons, all areas have seen an increase in the all cause, all age mortality rate since 2018-20, likely due to the increased numbers of deaths attributable to Covid-19. Oldham's rate is 5th highest across Greater Manchester and ranks centrally when compared to NHS England nearest neighbours for the latest data (2020-22).

Figure 4: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, males, trend
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 5: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, males, across Greater Manchester
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 6: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, males, across NHS England nearest neighbours

Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Oldham's all cause, all age mortality rate for females only is higher than both the regional and national averages. Oldham's latest rate of 1,081 per 100,000 is 10.9% higher than the North West average of 975 per 100,000 and 25.1% higher than the England average of 864 per 100,000. These differences mean Oldham females experience more inequality when compared to national rate than Oldham males. All areas have seen a decline in rates over the last decade, improvements have been smaller in Oldham (-11%) compared with the North West (-15.7%) and England (-17.2%). Following steady decline and reflecting the rate for all persons, all areas have seen an increase in the all cause, all age mortality rate since 2018-20, likely due to the increased numbers of deaths attributable to Covid-19. Oldham's rate is 4th highest across Greater Manchester and 6th highest compared to NHS England nearest neighbours for the latest data (2020-22). 

Figure 7: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, females, trend
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 8: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, females, across Greater Manchester
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 9: Mortality rate from all causes, all ages, females, across NHS England nearest neighbours
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data 

All cause mortality, under 75

Premature mortality is a good high-level indicator of the overall health of a population, being correlated with many other measures of population health: there are significant differences between the premature death rates in different areas, reflecting a wide range of underlying differences between these populations.  To ensure that there continues to be a reduction in the rate of premature mortality, and that inequalities between areas are reduced, there needs to be concerted action in both prevention and treatment [1]. 

Oldham's all cause, under 75 mortality rate for all persons is higher than both the regional and national averages. Oldham's latest rate of 476 per 100,000 is 12.1% higher than the North West average of 424 per 100,000 and 33.8% higher than the England average of 355 per 100,000. This is a substantial difference when compared to national levels and signifies significant inequality in early deaths for Oldham residents. All areas have seen a decline in rates over the last decade, with similar overall decreases (around 20%), indicating that although Oldham has seen improvements in rate, progress has not been made in closing the inequality gap. Following steady decline, all areas have seen an increase in the all cause, under 75 mortality rate since 2018-20, likely due to the increased numbers of deaths attributable to Covid-19. This is reflective of the all age increase, although less significant in numbers. Oldham's rate is 4th highest across Greater Manchester and ranks centrally compared to NHS England nearest neighbours for the latest data (2020-22). 

Figure 10: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, persons, trend
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 11: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, persons, across Greater Manchester
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 12: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, persons, across NHS England nearest neighbours
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Oldham's all cause, under 75 mortality rate for males only is higher than both the regional and national averages. Oldham's latest rate of 569 per 100,000 is 10% higher than the North West average of 517 per 100,000 and 29.9% higher than the England average of 438 per 100,000. This is a substantial difference when compared to national levels and signifies significant inequality in early deaths for Oldham residents. All areas have seen a decline in rates over the last decade, with similar overall decreases (Oldham -25.2%, North West -23.3%, England -24.1%), indicating that although Oldham has seen improvements in rate, progress has not been made in closing the inequality gap. Following steady decline, all areas have seen an increase in the all cause, under 75 mortality rate since 2018-20, likely due to the increased numbers of deaths attributable to Covid-19. This is reflective of the all age increase, although less significant in numbers. Oldham's rate is 4th highest across Greater Manchester and ranks centrally compared to NHS England nearest neighbours for the latest data (2020-22).

Figure 13: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, males, trend
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 14: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, males, across Greater Manchester
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 15: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, males, across NHS England nearest neighbours
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Oldham's all cause, under 75 mortality rate for females only is higher than both the regional and national averages. Oldham's latest rate of 386 per 100,000 is 15.4% higher than the North West average of 335 per 100,000 and 39.3% higher than the England average of 277 per 100,000. This is a substantial difference when compared to national levels and signifies significant inequality in early deaths for Oldham residents, with a larger inequality gap for females compared with males. All areas have seen a decline in rates over the last decade, with smaller decreases in Oldham (-15.6%) compared to the North West (-19.1%) and England (-21.8%) indicating a further widening of the gap between Oldham females and England females. Following steady decline, all areas have seen an increase in the all cause, under 75 mortality rate since 2018-20, likely due to the increased numbers of deaths attributable to Covid-19. This is reflective of the all age increase, although less significant in numbers. Oldham's rate is 3rd highest across Greater Manchester and 3rd highest compared to NHS England nearest neighbours for the latest data (2020-22).

Figure 16: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, females, trend
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 17: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, females, across Greater Manchester
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Figure 18: Mortality rate from all causes, under 75, females, across NHS England nearest neighbours
Source: OHID, based on Office for National Statistics data

Further Information & Resources

OHID Mortality Data Profiles
Monitoring trends in mortality is central to understanding the health of our population. This profile provides trends in mortality rates for a wide range of causes of death, allowing outcomes to be easily compared. Rates for sub-national geographies allow comparisons between areas.

References

[1] OHID Data Profiles, accessed October 2024, https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/mortality-profile/data#page/6/gid/1938133009/pat/159/par/K02000001/ati/15/are/E92000001/iid/93823/age/1/sex/4/cat/-1/ctp/-1/yrr/3/cid/4/tbm/1




















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